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CakePHP Interview questions

interview questions for cakephp


CakePHP Interview questions

What Is CakePHP?

CakePHP is a free, open-source, rapid development framework for PHP. It’s a foundational structure for programmers to create web applications. CakePHP goal is to enable developers to work in a structured and rapid manner–without loss of flexibility. CakePHP takes the monotony out of web development.

 

 

What does 'MVC' stand for in CakePHP?

Model view controller (MVC) is an architectural pattern used in software engineering.

Model   -  : Database functions exist in the model

View   -    : Design parts written here

Controller : Business Logic goes here

 

 

What are the server requirements to install CakePHP.

Here are the requirements for setting up a server to run CakePHP:

An HTTP server (like Apache) with the following enabled: sessions, mod_rewrite (not absolutely necessary but preferred)

PHP 4.3.2 or greater. Yes, CakePHP works great in either PHP 4 or 5.

A database engine (right now, there is support for MySQL 4+, PostgreSQL and a wrapper for ADODB).
 

Here are the steps

step1: Go to CakePHP.org and download the latest version of CakePHP.

step2: CakePHP comes in a .zip file,so unzip it.

step3: Extract the files in the localhost in the desired folder (for example:CakePHP).

step4: Open the browser and run the URL localhost/CakePHP

step5: Just Follow the instructions display on the page.

 

 

What Is The Folder Structure Of CakePHP?

CakePHP/
app/
Config/
Console/
Controller/
Lib/
  Locale/
  Model/
  Plugin/
  Test/
  tmp/
  Vendor/
  View/
  webroot/
    .htaccess
  index.php
  
 lib/
 plugins/
 vendors/
 .htaccess/
 index.php/
 README.md/

What is the CakePHP Database Configuration File called, and where is it located?

Default file name is database.php.default.

Its located at "/app/config/database.php.default".To connect with database it should be renamed to database.php

 

 

What is the name of the first file that gets loaded when you run a application using CakePHP?

bootstrap.php

Either through index.php , or through .htaccess you can change it

 

What does Security.Salt And Security.CipherSeed In CakePHP do?

- The Security.salt is used for generating hashes.we can change the default Security.salt value in /app/Config/core.php.  

- The Security.cipherseed is used for encrypt/decrypt strings.We can change the default Security.cipherSeed value by editing /app/Config/core.php. 

 

 

What does Controllers do?

A controller is used to manage the logic for a part of your application. Most commonly, controllers are used to manage the logic for a single model. Controllers can include any number of methods which are usually referred to as actions. Actions are controller methods used to display views. An action is a single method of a controller.

 

 

What is default function for a Controller?

index() function

 

 

Which function is executed before every action in the Controller?

function beforeFilter()

 

 

Which features does CakePHP have?

 

  1. Compatible with versions 4 and 5 of PHP
  2. MVC architecture
  3. Built-in validations
  4. Caching
  5. Scaffolding
  6. Access Control Lists and Authentication.
  7. CSRF protection via Security Component.


 

What are CakePHP's drawbacks.

It loads full application before it starts your task. It's not recommended for small projects because of its resource-heavy structure.

 

 

What naming convention does CakePHP use?

Table names are plural and lowercased,model names are singular and CamelCased: ModelName, model filenames are singular and underscored: model_name.php, controller names are plural and CamelCased with *Controller* appended: ControllerNamesController, controller filenames are plural and underscored with *controller* appended: controller_names_controller.php,

 

 

What does scaffolding in CakePHP do? 

Scaffolding is a technique that allows a developer to define and create a basic application that can create, retrieve, update and delete objects.

 

 

How do you use Scaffolding?

To add scaffolding to your application,just add the $scaffold variable in the controller,

<?php
class PostsController extends AppController {
    var $scaffold;
}
?>

Assuming you’ve created Post model class file (in /app/Model/post.php), you’re ready to go. Visit http://example.com/posts to see your new scaffold.

 

 

What is a Component in CakePHP?

Components are packages of logic that are shared between controllers. They are useful when a common logic or code is required between different controllers.

 

What are the most commonly used Components of CakePHP?

 

  1. Security
  2. Sessions
  3. Access control lists
  4. Emails
  5. Cookies
  6. Authentication
  7. Request handling
  8. Scaffolding


 

What are Helpers used for?

Helpers in CakePHP are associated with Presentation layers of application.Helpers mainly contain presentational logic which is available to share between many views, elements, or layouts

 

 

What are the most commonly used Helpers of CakePHP?

 

  • FormHelper
  • HtmlHelper
  • JsHelper
  • CacheHelper
  • NumberHelper
  • Paginator
  • RSS
  • SessionHelper
  • TextHelper
  • TimeHelper

 

What does a Behavior do?

Behaviors in CakePHP are associated with Models.Behaviors are used to change the way models behaves and enforcing model to act as something else.

 

 

What is the difference between Component, Helper, Behavior?

Component is a Controller extension, Helpers are View extensions, Behavior is a Model Extension.

 

 

What does a Element do?

Element in CakePHP are smaller and reusable bits of view code. Elements are usually rendered inside views.

 

 

What is a Layout?

Layout in CakePHP are used to display the views that contain presentational code. In simple views are rendered inside a layout

 

 

How to set a specific layout in a Controller?

var $layout = ‘layout_name’;

to overwrite for a specific action use below code in that action

$this->layout =”layout_name”;

 

 

How do you include Helpers in a Controller ?

public $helpers = array(‘Form’, ‘Html’, ‘Js’, ‘Time’);

to in specific action use below code in that action

$this->helper[] =”helper_name”;

 

 

How do you include Components in Controller ?

public $components = array(‘Emails’, ‘ImageUploader’, ‘Sms’);

 

How do you Write, Read And Delete Sessions in CakePHP?

$this->Session->write(‘Bird.Color’, ‘Black’);
$black = $this->Session->read(‘Bird.Color’);
$this->Session->delete(‘Bird’); 

 

What do you us $this->Set(); for?

The set() method is used for creating a variable in the view file.Say for example if we write,

$this->set('posts',$posts); in controller fie, then the variable $posts will be available to use in the view template file for that action.

 

 

What do you use $this->Set(Compact()); for?

 

Using $this->set(compact()) , we can pass multiple parameters to access into the view file.


For example,

$this->set(compact('posts','users','reports'));

Now all these variables will be available in respective view file.

 

 

What advantages of $this->set and $this->Set(Compact()); ?Which would you use?

An advantage with first case $this->set('posts', $posts); is that it allows two different names for the view file and controller file. For example, you could write something like $this->set('postData', $posts);. Now the variable name in the view file would be $postData.

 

The advantage with the second approach $this->set(compact()); is easier to write, and useful especially when we are setting several variables to the view.No need to add separate line for each variable as we have with $this->set();

For example,

$this->set(compact('posts','users','reports'));

 

 

Is it possible to have multiple validation rules per field in CakePHP?

Yes its possible.

 

 

What is wrong with the Validation rule below?

'email' => array(
    'rule' => array(
        'rule' => 'notEmpty',
        'message' => 'Please Enter Email address.'
    ),
    'rule' => array(
        'rule' => 'email',
        'message' => 'Entered Email address is invalid.'
    )
)

The problem is the first rule notEmpty will never be called because email rule will overwrite it.While using multiple validation rules for the same field you must keep the rule key "unique". In this case if we want to use multiple rules then, we can simple change the rule key names like,

'email' => array(
    'rule1' => array(
        'rule' => 'notEmpty',
        'message' => 'Please Enter Email address.'
    ),
    'rule2' => array(
        'rule' => 'email',
        'message' => 'Entered Email address is invalid.'
    )
)

What is the difference between Required And NotEmpty in CakePHP?

nonEmpty simply check the presented data to validate validation in other words if the field are NOT there it will not throw and error, where Required will throw and error if there is not data, field nor not.

 

 

 

How do you get the current URL in CakePHP?

To get current url in CakePHP use, 

 

echo Router::url($this->here, true);

This will give full URL with hostname.If you want to get relative path instead of full URL,then use the following code:

 

echo $this->here;

This will produce absolute URL excluding hostname i.e. /controller/abc/xyz/

 

 

How do you make Urls search engine friendly in CakePHP?

It's an automatic task that is done by CakePHP.

 

 

Please list a few database related functions in CakePHP?

find, findAll , findAllBy , findBy , findNeighbours and query.

 

Which Methods are can be used to Create and Destroy Model Associations on the Fly?

The bindModel() and unbindModel() Model methods are used to create and destroy model associations on the fly. 

 

 

What do you use RequestAction Method for? 

The method requestAction is used to call a controller’s action from any location and returns data from the action.

 

 

What does Recursive do in CakePHP? 

Based on the Recursive option being used in CakePHP, you can include related database tables on not - similar to 'join' in SQL.

 

 

How can we use Ajax in CakePHP?

By calling ajax helper and then using it in controller for rendering.

 

 

) What Is Habtm?

 

Has and belongs to many is a kind of associations that can be defined in models for retrieving associated data across different entities.

 

 

 

How does CakePHP URL looks in a address bar?

 

http://example.com/controller/action/param1/param2/param3

 

 

How do you include a Javascript Menu throughout the site.

By adding the javascript files in webroot and call them in default views if needed everywhere or just in the related veiws.

in the layout:

if(isset($jsIncludes)){
    foreach($jsIncludes as $js){
       echo $this->Html->script($js);
    }
}


in the view:

 

$this->set('jsIncludes',array('my_jsfile'));

 

 

 

 

Why does CakePHP have two Vendor folders?

There will be two vendor folders available in CakePHP frame work.

one in ” app ” folder and one in root folder

 

The vendor folder in the app folder is used to place the third-party libraries which are application specific.

The vendor folder in the root folder is used to place the third-party libraries which are used for multiple applications.

 

 

What Is The Default Extension Of View Files In CakePHP?

default extension of view files is '.ctp'.

yes we can change it by writing public $ext = '.yourext'; in AppController.If you want to change it for particular controller then add it into that controller only.You can also change it for the specific action of the controller by putting it in that action of controller.

public $ext = '.yourext'; in AppController
 - you can change all the views extentions.

 public $ext = '.yourext';  in specific controller like, PostsController
- you can change all the views extentions of PostsController.

public $ext = '.yourext';  in specific controller action like, index()
- you can change the view extention of index.ctp

Note: You cannot specify multiple extensions, however it seems like there is a fall back to .ctp if no .php file is found.

 

 

How can you det custom page title for static paged?

To set a custom page title, copy-paste following code anywhere in your static page (.ctp) file:

$this->set("title_for_layout", "My page title");

 

 

 How do you display the schema of a Model?

If you want to display the schema of particular model then you just need to add the following single line of code.For example we have “Posts” Controller.

pr($this->Post->schema());

 

Published: 1st June 2016 by

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